A new science advisory from the American Heart Association, published today in the Journal of the American Heart Association, highlights the critical need for international collaboration to reduce the risk of serious heart conditions in children with Kawasaki disease. The advisory calls for a global, harmonized approach to improve early diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where access to care is limited.
Kawasaki disease is a rare but serious illness that primarily affects children under five years old. It causes inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body, especially the coronary arteries, and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. Symptoms include fever, rash, red lips, and a swollen tongue. Prompt treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) can reduce the risk of coronary artery aneurysms from about 25% to less than 5%. However, delayed diagnosis remains a major barrier, especially in regions with fewer healthcare resources.
The advisory notes that over 4,200 children are diagnosed with Kawasaki disease in the U.S. each year, and the disease occurs 10–30 times more often in East Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea, China, and Taiwan. Despite advances in management in large, experienced, and economically advanced countries, significant gaps remain. Most current collaborative networks lack formal funding, and disparities in care persist globally.
Dr. Ashraf S. Harahsheh, chair of the advisory writing group and director of the Kawasaki Disease Program at Children's National Hospital in Washington, D.C., stated, 'Kawasaki disease is highly treatable, yet too many children around the world face delayed diagnosis or limited access to care. This science advisory underscores the power of international collaboration to advance research and improve care for patients everywhere. By sharing data, expertise and best practices, we can reduce disparities and improve heart health outcomes for children with Kawasaki disease, wherever they live.'
The advisory calls for inclusive collaborations that consider cultural needs, prioritize reducing barriers to care, monitor outcomes, and promote evidence-based care, especially in LMICs. It emphasizes the importance of including patients, families, and advocacy groups to support patient-centered care. 'When hospitals and health systems work together and compare how well they are doing, it can help identify local or regional challenges that need to be addressed,' Harahsheh added.
The full manuscript is available online. Additional resources, including a Spanish news release, can be found on the American Heart Association newsroom.
